Topic 7.4
How do human cells and human trials contribute to medical research and innovation?
Human cells and clinical trials are essential to advancing medical research, bridging the gap between laboratory discoveries and real-world applications. Using human cells in controlled environments allows scientists to understand how treatments interact with human biology. Meanwhile, human trials ensure the safety and effectiveness of new medications and therapies before they are widely available. This section explores the importance, challenges, and ethical considerations surrounding these critical stages of medical research.
Testing on Human Cells
Before testing on people, drugs are tested on human cells in a laboratory. Some cells used for testing were initially obtained from aborted human embryos.
The reason it is used:
It is better to test drugs on human cells rather than animal cells. This gives a better idea of how they will work in the human body.
Ethical issue:
Using human embryos that would have potentially developed into human beings.
Discussion
What is the purpose of testing on human cells?
What values are important (i.e. what’s good or bad)?
What morals or principles are important (i.e. what’s right or wrong, based on those values)?
Human Trials
New treatments are tested on healthy human volunteers during the clinical trial stage. Consent is required.
The reason it is used:
Until the first human trial, scientists cannot be sure if the drug will harm humans.
Ethical issue:
In rare cases, the drug that is being tested may lead to a healthy volunteer becoming seriously ill.
Discussion
What is the purpose of human trials?
What values are important (i.e. what’s good or bad)?
What morals or principles are important (i.e. what’s right or wrong, based on those values)?
Tips for Debate (Topic 7.2)
Prepare your arguments effectively by following these tips:
- Look for reliable statistics to support your points. For example, find data on the effectiveness of placebo trials or the success of treatments developed through animal testing.
- Investigate modern advancements like organ-on-a-chip technology or AI drug testing that aim to reduce reliance on traditional methods.
- Anticipate counterarguments and be ready to respond. For instance, if you’re arguing against animal testing, be aware of the challenges faced by alternatives.
- Explore the ethical principles (e.g., harm reduction, autonomy) behind both positions.